In addition to the bending moment caused by the self weight of the cylinder and the weight of the concrete, the mixing cylinder also bears the torque caused by the rotary movement of the mixing cylinder and the circumferential and axial force of the concrete in the mixing cylinder, which is complex [5]. Under the action of cyclic alternating load, the initial micro crack may form in the area with large stress, and then develop into macro crack, and then the macro crack will continue to expand, resulting in the cracking of weld bead or base metal. The main reasons affecting the initial microcracks of the raceway are as follows:
（1）滾道焊縫處的應力集中
(1) Stress concentration at raceway weld
原因：滾道與筒體焊接時(shí)，焊縫處經(jīng)常出現應力集中。此外，攪拌筒在使用過(guò)程中，滾道與托輪處的集中載荷以及滾道截面的整體變形也都會(huì )使焊接處出現應力集中現象。
Cause: when the raceway is welded with the cylinder, stress concentration often occurs at the weld. In addition, during the use of the mixing drum, the concentrated load at the raceway and supporting wheel and the overall deformation of the raceway section will also cause the stress concentration at the welding joint.
對策：打磨應力集中焊縫，重新施焊，對于已經(jīng)出現宏觀(guān)裂紋的焊縫或母材，打孔截斷裂紋源頭，重新焊接。
Countermeasures: polish the weld with concentrated stress and re weld. For the weld or base metal with macro cracks, punch holes to cut off the crack source and re weld.
（2）滾道焊縫處的殘余應力
(2) Residual stress at raceway weld
原因：滾道與筒體剛度相差懸殊，一般情況下，攪拌筒筒體厚度為6mm 的鋼板，滾道的徑向厚度在60mm 左右，筒體和滾道厚度相差很大，在焊接過(guò)程中，滾道的熱膨脹受到限制，并且在冷卻過(guò)程中的收縮也受到限制，而筒體受限程度遠小于滾道，終影響到焊接應力的大小及分布不均，導致殘余應力的產(chǎn)生。
Reason: the stiffness of the raceway is quite different from that of the barrel. Generally, the radial thickness of the raceway is about 60mm for the steel plate with a thickness of 6mm of the mixing barrel. The thickness of the barrel and the raceway is very different. During the welding process, the thermal expansion of the raceway is limited, and the shrinkage during the cooling process is also limited, and the degree of limitation of the barrel is much less than that of the raceway, Finally, it affects the size and uneven distribution of welding stress, resulting in the generation of residual stress.
對策：調整焊接順序，減少單次熱量輸入，焊接過(guò)程中用紫銅錘敲擊構件，采用振動(dòng)時(shí)效方式調整、均化、殘余應力。此外，對焊道進(jìn)行局部打磨，減少焊接缺陷。
Countermeasures: adjust the welding sequence, reduce the single heat input, knock the components with a copper hammer during the welding process, and adjust, homogenize and eliminate the residual stress by means of vibration aging. In addition, the weld bead shall be locally polished to reduce welding defects.
（3）滾道與筒體的剛度變化
(3) Stiffness change of raceway and cylinder
原因：滾道及筒體的剛度隨著(zhù)車(chē)輛的使用呈遞減趨勢，大方量攪拌車(chē)尤為明顯，剛度的減弱會(huì )加速焊道的疲勞失效，導致焊道或母材開(kāi)裂。
Reason: the stiffness of raceway and cylinder decreases with the use of vehicles, especially for large-scale mixer. The weakening of stiffness will accelerate the fatigue failure of weld bead and lead to the cracking of weld bead or base metal.
對策：在滾道與筒體接觸內部增焊加強板，提高該區域的整體剛度，以增強焊接結構的抗疲勞失效能力。
Countermeasures: weld reinforcing plates inside the contact between the raceway and the cylinder to improve the overall stiffness of the area, so as to enhance the fatigue failure resistance of the welded structure.
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